Paris: A total of 149 countries, representing 87 per cent of the global population and 86 per cent of climate-altering greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, had submitted their carbon-curbing pledges to the UN by Thursday.

The most recent analysis of pledges by Climate Action Tracker (CAT), a tool developed by four research bodies, said the world was on course for average global warming of about 2.7 degrees Celsius (4.86 degrees Fahrenheit) — much higher than the UN’s 2 C ceiling.

An overview of the Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) of the world’s top emitters:

1) China - 24 per cent of global GHG emissions

Will hit peak carbon dioxide emissions by about 2030 and by the same year will cut CO2 emitted per unit of GDP by 60-65 per cent from 2005 levels. The world’s most populous nation will boost the share of non-fossil fuel in its primary energy consumption from 11.2 per cent in 2014 to 20 per cent, and increase the volume of CO2-absorbing forest stock by about 4.5 billion cubic metres.

2) United States - 15.5 per cent of GHG

Has pledged a 26-28 per cent reduction in emissions from 2005 levels by 2025. Power plants would cut carbon dioxide pollution by 32 per cent from 2005 levels by 2030.

3) European Union - 10.8 per cent of GHG

The 28-member bloc intends to cut greenhouse gas emissions by at least 40 per cent by 2030 compared to 1990 levels, and push for 27 per cent targets for renewable energy supply and efficiency gains.

4) India - 6.4 per cent of GHG

Plans to reduce its carbon intensity by 35 per cent by 2030 from 2005 levels, pledging also to generate 40 per cent of its electricity from renewable sources within 15 years.

5) Russia - 4.9 per cent of GHG

Has mooted a possible cut of 25-30 per cent by 2030 from 1990 levels, conditional on the pledges of other ‘major emitters’.

6) Japan - 2.9 per cent of GHG

Has pledged a cut of 26 per cent in emissions from 2013 levels by 2030, with nuclear energy — offline since the 2011 Fukushima disaster — providing 20-22 per cent of electricity by then. Renewable electricity production, including hydro power, would be expanded to 22-24 per cent of the total from 11 per cent for the year to March 2014.

7) Brazil - Two per cent of GHG

With 2005 as a baseline, Brazil has pledged to cut greenhouse gas emissions 37 per cent by 2025, and 43 per cent by 2030. The country would recover degraded pastures and make available five million hectares (12 million acres) of ‘integrated crop-livestock-forest area.’

8) Iran - 1.6 per cent of GHG

No pledge to date

9) Indonesia - 1.6 per cent of GHG

Indonesia has pledged to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 29 per cent by 2030 compared to a ‘business-as-usual’ scenario, by boosting forest protection and renewable energy. With financial and other help, the pledge can be raised to 41 per cent.

10) Canada - 1.5 per cent of GHG

Canada will seek to reduce emissions by 30 per cent from 2005 levels by 2030.

Sources: Country pledges submitted to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Climate Action Tracker, Climate Analytics